Higher Education Inequality in China Under the Context of Higher Education Expansion: a Rural vs. Urban Perspective

high education inequality in China chthonic the context of high education expansion: a outlandish vs. urban perspective


Introduction

Since the mid-1990s, higher education (HE) in China has undergone a process of expansion driven by the central presidency. Higher education has huge beneficial impacts on Chinas economy, namely enhancing economic productivity, making Chinese workers and specialists attractive to unconnected and domestic employers, turning China from a labor-based economy to a knowledge-based economy and etcetera (Chan and Ngok 2011). Attracted by the above benefits, the Chinese government initiated the expansion of higher education to revitalize China through and through developing science and education(????).

The expansion of higher education has 2 axes: massification of higher education and quest for frontmost elite university (Chan and Ngok 2011).

The archetypical axis is the massification of higher education in terms of enlarging the registration scale of post-secondary students, implemented in 1999 (Chan and Ngok 2011). On one hand, in all existing higher education institutes (HEIs), namely universities, colleges and professional schools, had to combust their enrollment scale; on the other hand, the government advance the establishment of impertinently HEIs.



In1998, China had 1022 HEIs with totally 1,084,000 innovative entrants at undergraduate level; in 2009, China had 2305 HEIs with totally 6,395,000 new entrants (Chan and Ngok 2011). After ten years massification of higher education, the number of HEIs twofold and the total number of new entrants at undergraduate level was about six times the total number of new entrants one year before the expansion.

The second axis of higher education expansion is the quest for world-class elite universities. In 1996, 211 Project was initiated to make great improvements in 100 HEIs and in certain key discipline areas (Chan and Ngok 2011). Building up world-class universities became a national policy after the Ministry...If you want to beat back a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com



If you want to get a full essay, wisit our page: write my paper